• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A method for monitoring the tool breathing in a molding machine, wherein a closing unit of the forming machine is closed and a closing force is built, wherein during an injection process at least one closing force change is measured and from the closing force change at least one characteristic size of a tool breathing is determined.
    公开号:AT514856A1
    申请号:T758/2013
    申请日:2013-09-30
    公开日:2015-04-15
    发明作者:Georg Dipl Ing Dr Pillwein
    申请人:Engel Austria Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to a method for monitoring the tool breathing in a shaping machine having the features of the preamble of claim 1 and an injection molding machine having the features of the preamble of claim 18.
    Under shaping machines are generally understood to include injection molding, transfer molding, pressing and the like. For the sake of simplicity, the following applies to injection molding machines but is equally valid for other molding machines.
    When the closing force is built up by the clamping unit, the tool and the machine deform. During injection, under the internal cavity pressure prevailing in the mold cavity creates a Auftreibkraft, which leads to a partial or total recovery of the deformation generated by the closing force. This effect, which occurs under the Auftreibkraft is called tool breathing. On the one hand, the volume of the mold cavity and thus also the quality of the molded part are influenced. In addition, this breathing can open a gap at the mold parting plane, into which melt penetrates. The possible consequences are webs and burrs on the produced molded part or permanent tool damage by spring-back tool parts that press the overmolded plastic into the steel. Rounding the tool edges at the parting plane and permanent burr formation are possible consequences. Tool breathing is therefore an important parameter that not only significantly influences the quality of the molded part, but also serves to monitor it for tool protection.
    Currently, the tool breathing is usually measured by displacement transducer or so-called gauges at the parting line. It is known that an increase in the closing force occurs in connection with the tool breathing. For this purpose, there are also various writings that use this increase in the closing force to detect, for example, overspray or to optimize the amount of closing force (EP 0947 305 A2, US 2010/0109182 A1, US 2010/0109183 A1).
    The state of the art partly uses the described increase in closing force in order to optimize the closing force or to warn against over-spraying. Setting a tolerance for a closing force increase, however, is anything but intuitive to the average operator.
    The object of the invention is to provide a method for monitoring the tool breathing in an injection molding machine, which on the one hand manages without the use of sensors for direct measurement of the tool breathing at the parting plane and on the other hand allows intuitive operation. It is also an object of the invention to provide an injection molding machine for carrying out such a method.
    This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a Sprit2gießmaschine with the features of claim 18.
    This is done by at least one closing force change is measured during an injection process and from the closing force change at least one characteristic size of a tool breathing is determined.
    The method according to the invention makes it possible to calculate the tool respiration quantitatively from the closing force curve. The respiratory value determined in this way can then be displayed, for example, on the control and, as a result, logged and monitored. Information of a characteristic size for the tool breathing represents a size that is easier for the operator to understand than, for example, the representation of a closing force increase which is customary in the prior art. In this case, any variables which illustrate the deformation of the tool and of the injection molding machine caused by the respiration of the tool are to be understood as characteristic variables.
    Advantageous developments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims.
    It can be provided that the at least one characteristic size of the tool respiration is displayed visually to the operator, whereby the information about the tool respiration is available to the operator on request. The visual representation preferably takes place via a screen.
    Particularly preferred is provided an embodiment in which a spring stiffness, which at least approximately describes a deformation of the closing unit under closing force and injection pressure, is used in the determination of the characteristic size of the tool breathing.
    To determine the spring stiffness, at least two closing force values and at least two shape position values can be determined during a shooting force build-up.
    This is preferably done during a closing force building process or a closing force reduction process, whereby firstly also dynamic effects of the rigidity of the closing unit can be detected and secondly other setting attempts can be carried out simultaneously.
    In a preferred embodiment it can be provided that for detecting the force-dependent course of the spring stiffness during a Schiießkraftaufbaus a plurality of closing forces and shape positions are determined and the force-dependent curve of the spring stiffness is used in the determination of the characteristic size. Non-linear effects of the rigidity of the clamping unit can be detected in this way.
    In order to provide the operator with detailed information about the shaping process, a time profile of the at least one characteristic size of the tool respiration can be determined from a chronological progression of the closing force change and displayed visually to the operator.
    In order to specify a value which is particularly easy for the operator to take advantage of, it may be advantageous for a maximum respiratory pass to be used as the at least one characteristic variable of the tool respiration.
    In order to provide the operator with particularly accurate information about the injection molding cycle, a temporal course of the at least one characteristic size of the tool respiration can be determined from the temporal course of the closing force and displayed to the operator.
    With fluctuating closing force curves, the accuracy of the closing force change can be increased by determining a Schließschließänderungveriauf in a reference cycle without injection operation to measure the closing force change by a closing force curve is measured with injection and by the closing force change is determined by a comparison between the closing force curve and the Referenzschließkraftveriauf. The measurement of the closing force curve is preferably carried out by measuring a plurality of closing forces in successive magazines. The Referenzschließkraftveriauf can be determined in a similar manner, but it is quite possible to determine this by means of a simulation or the like.
    In this case, it may be advantageous that, in the comparison between the closing force curve and the reference closing force curve, a force offset is taken into account in order, for example, to take into account changing thermal situations in the tool. For automated control of the tool breathing, an alarm may be given to an operator and / or a closing force increased or decreased and / or an injection pressure when exceeding or falling below a tolerance value by the at least one characteristic size for the tool breathing in the same or in a subsequent cycle be reduced.
    In order to avoid damage to the injection molding tool, it can be provided that when a tolerance value is exceeded by the at least one characteristic variable for the tool breathing, an injection process is interrupted and / or a holding pressure phase is initiated.
    Furthermore, an automatic optimization of the set closing force to a permissible maximum respiration is possible in order to keep energy consumption as low as possible.
    In this case, it is preferably provided that a limit value for the at least one characteristic size of the tool respiration is predetermined, that an inventive method is performed in at least one injection molding cycle and that the closing force setpoint is increased when the limit value is exceeded by the at least one characteristic variable of the tool respiration.
    This optimization can be carried out in a particularly simple manner by specifying a respiratory setpoint value and by reducing the closing force setpoint when the respiration setpoint value falls below the at least one characteristic variable of the tool respiration.
    Such optimization of the closing force leads to a reduction of stress or wear of the tool, reduced energy consumption of the injection molding machine and a shorter cycle time.
    In a further preferred embodiment, the optimization of the closing force setpoint can be carried out automatically. It can be provided that - several shaping cycles are performed, the closing force setpoint, starting from a value at which the characteristic size of the tool breathing does not depend on the closing force setpoint is reduced and each characteristic size of the tool breathing is determined according to the invention, - a transition value of the closing force setpoint is identified to a region in which the characteristic size of the tool breathing has a function of the closing force setpoint, and - the optimized closing force setpoint value is established as a function of the transition value of the closing force.
    In a further particularly preferred embodiment, which allows an automatic optimization of the closing force setpoint, it can be provided that a lower limit for a change of at least one characteristic size of the tool breathing with the closing force in response to a spring stiffness, which deformation of the closing unit under closing force and injection pressure at least describes approximately, is given - several shaping cycles are performed, the closing force setpoint, starting from a value at which the characteristic size of the tool breathing is not dependent on the closing force setpoint is reduced and each characteristic size of the tool breathing is inventively determined and - the optimized closing force setpoint in Dependence of the value of the closing force command value, in which the lower limit value is exceeded by the change of at least one Werkzeugatmung fixed is placed.
    In both embodiments, which enable an automatic optimization of the closing force setpoint, the optimized closing force setpoint can be set simply as the transition value or the value at which the lower limit value is undershot by the change of the at least one tool respiration. However, it is also possible, for example, always to choose the closing force set point slightly higher (preventing a gap between the mold halves) or slightly lower (conscious breathing embossing, improvement of the tool venting).
    In particular, the last two methods allow the optimization of the closing force setpoint without having to perform cycles in which the closing force is so low and therefore the tool breathing is so great that damage to the tool can occur.
    Further advantages and details of the invention are apparent from the figures and the associated description of the figures. Showing:
    1 shows the change of the mold position in a closing force structure,
    2 shows the specific injection pressure, the closing force, the respiration calculated according to the invention and a respiration measured at the parting plane during an injection molding cycle, FIG.
    3, the closing force curve during an injection molding cycle and a reference cycle without injection, and the associated, calculated according to the invention respiration,
    FIG. 4 is an illustration similar to FIG. 3, showing a force offset between the closing forces in the injection molding cycle and in the reference cycle, FIG.
    Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of an inventive
    Clamping unit with hydraulic closing drive,
    Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of a eifindungsgemäßen
    Closing unit with electric closing drive and Fig. 7 typical course of the tool breathing (or their derivation) in
    Dependence of the closing force.
    Determination of spring stiffness
    The system of tool and injection molding machine (toggle, frame, spars, etc.) can be considered under closing force essentially as a preloaded spring. In the present invention, the properties of this spring are determined during the closing force build-up. While the mechanical properties of the machine can generally be assumed to be known from the design, the properties of the overall system are significantly influenced by the tool. In the simplest case, the
    Force curve in this overall system in the closing force build-up by Hooke's law F = k * x are described. The force F is in a linear relationship to the deformation x caused by the closing movement. The parameter k is referred to as the spring constant. In general, k can be assumed to be independent of the elongation of the spring. Of course, alternatively the dependence on the strain k = k (x) can be considered. By means of the displacement and force measuring systems available in the machine, it is thus possible, for example during the force build-up phase, to determine this spring constant K of the entire system of machine and tool. In the simplest case, the measurement of the closing forces Fi and F2 at two different mold positions Xi and X2 is sufficient during the closing force build-up (FIG. 1). The spring constant in this case results as
    The form positions can be determined very precisely in the case of electrical closing units via the absolute value transmitter of the drive; only a conversion with known gear ratios of the drive system (gear, spindle, toggle lever) is required.
    In hydraulic machines, the measurement of the mold position is generally carried out via a displacement transducer on the lock cylinder. During the closing force build-up, the forming positions are hypothetical values, but these accurately reflect the deformation of the overall system of machine and tool. The closing force is derived in hydraulic machines from a measurement of the oil pressure in the lock cylinder, in electrical closing units, the closing force is detected by its own sensors. For more accurate results, the values of x and F can also be measured at a variety of positions during closing force build-up. From these value pairs, for example, by linear regression, the value of
    Spring constant k can be determined. A determination of a strain-dependent spring constant k = k (x) is basically possible from a Vlel2ahl measured (x, F) pairs of points.
    Calculation of the tool power from the closing force curve
    Occurs during the injection process by the increase of the internal mold pressure and the resulting Auftreibkraft on a tool breathing, so there is an increase in the closing force of an initial force F0 to a maximum force Fmax as mentioned above. The maximum respiration AxAtmung, max can now by using the previously calculated spring constant k by
    be calculated. From the time course of the closing force F (t) can also be the time course of the tool breathing AxAtmung (t) according to
    be determined. Both the maximum respiratory travel AxAtmung, max and the time course of the tool breathing ÄxAmung (t) can be visualized for the operator, this preferably being done via a screen.
    FIG. 2 shows the respiratory course calculated in this manner at different closing forces in comparison to the respiration measured at the dividing plane with displacement sensor. This type of calculation is possible because in electric closing drives the knee lever is stretched under closing force, the closing motor maintains its position and therefore corresponds to the additional elongation of the entire system of the tool breathing. In the case of hydraulic closing units, in addition to the mechanical deformation of the tool and the machine, the increase in force causes a compression of the hydraulic oil in the cylinder, which can be measured via the position transducer in the cylinder as an axial cylinder. The calculation of the maximum
    Breathing results in this coat slightly differently than the electric closing unit
    As in the past, the temporal course of respiration may again be considered
    be calculated.
    In some cases, the closing force value after the closing force build up has slight overshoots, short-term oscillations, or a gradual approach to the desired set point. This results from the interaction of mechanics, closing drive and closing force control. The method described above with determination of the closing force increase Fmax-Fo compared to an initial force Fo will not always lead to the goal in such cases. For these cases, an alternative solution is proposed in which the temporal force curve Fref (t) is determined and stored in a reference cycle without injection process. The time course of the tool breathing in the injection phase can then be determined by forming the difference between the current force profile F (t) and the force profile from the reference cycle F t (FIG. 3).
    From the temporal course of respiration determined in this way, the maximum value of respiration can be determined as a result.
    Due to temperature changes, the thermal expansion of the machine (frame, toggle lever) or tool can lead to slight changes in the closing force achieved (by a closing force offset Fo set) compared with the stored reference curve. This closing force offset can at the end of the closing force build-up phase (even before the injection phase) by subtraction F (t) -
    Fref (t) can be determined. This offset must be taken into account in the calculation of respiration. The determination of this force offset can optionally take place at a single point or by averaging over a certain time range (FIG. 4).
    Automatic closing force optimizer based on the toolmuna
    To perform an automatic closing force optimization to a predetermined maximum respiration, the closing force can be reduced cycle by cycle from the maximum possible closing force or from a user-defined closing force starting value until the respiration reaches or exceeds the predetermined value. If it is exceeded, the closing force must be increased again until the required value is reached or exactly reached. The knowledge of the spring constant may even allow to predict the change in the force required to achieve the desired respiration.
    As an extension of this optimization of the closing force based on a predetermined by the user setpoint of the tool breathing and optimization without separate specifications by the user is interesting. The input of a meaningful target value for the tool breathing is namely only for experienced operators who also have appropriate knowledge of the tool design, possible.
    A closer look at the maximum value of the tool breathing under variation of the closing force shows, however, that a closing force optimization without separate user specification is possible. The first diagram in FIG. 7 shows the maximum value of the tool respiration plotted against the closing force.
    The resulting curve can be divided into three areas. In the first area A at high closing forces no significant respiration occurs and this is approximately independent of the closing force. In the second area B, tool breathing (generally non-linear) begins to increase with decreasing closing force. In the third region C with even lower closing forces, the maximum respiration is approximately linear with the closing force. Region B can be explained by the increasing resetting of tool upsizing in the area of the parting plane. If this tool compression completely degraded you get into the area C in which the breathing increases approximately linearly with decreasing closing force. Here, the halves of the tool no longer touch each other on the parting planes. Breathing is usually too high in this area, so the closing force is too low. In area A, the closing force is still sufficient, as no significant respiration occurs here. The optimal closing force is therefore in the transition region B, usually close to the boundary to region A.
    This range B is easiest to find if, instead of the maximum value of the respiration, the rate of change is considered under closing force changes. The rate of change can be calculated in practice approximately as a difference quotient of maximum respiration and closing force at two different closing forces. This rate of change is plotted in the second diagram in FIG. In area A, it is essentially zero. In area B, the rate of change drops significantly to the negative and finally reaches an almost constant value in area C. By defining a target range for this rate of change, the closing force can be optimized.
    In order to determine the target area automatically, it is made use of that the amount of the change rate in the linear region C substantially coincides with the reciprocal spring constant of the overall system 1 / k determined, for example, from the closing force structure. The upper and lower limits of the target range of the rate of change can be calculated on the basis of the spring constant already determined by multiplying by predefined factors.
    The knowledge of the spring constant k thus allows the specification of a threshold value or a target range for the tool respiration and consequently for the closing force setpoint. It should be noted that the complete measurement of all three areas A, B and C using a method according to the invention is not necessary, since only larger closing forces coming to the target area must be achieved. The tool is never exposed to excessive tool breathing at any time, which could result in damage to the tool. Monitoring of the tools and possible actions
    Changes in the boundary conditions (eg melt viscosity or changes in injection settings such as injection speed, changeover point or holding pressure level) can lead to changes in the lift force due to the internal mold pressure and thus also in tool breathing. In this case, it is useful to monitor the respiratory values in order, for example, to prevent overspray. When a tolerance value is exceeded, various actions are conceivable, for example: alarm or warning, increasing the closing force in the next cycle to reduce breathing, interrupting the current injection process or reducing the injection pressure and / or switching to holding pressure, etc.
    FIGS. 5 and 6 show closing units 1 according to the invention, each equipped with a force measuring device 2 and a calculating and displaying device 3. The force measuring device is connected to the calculation and display device 3.
    In the case of hydraulic closing units 1, as in FIG. 5, the force measuring device 2 can be designed as a pressure sensor in the hydraulic cylinder.
    In the case of electrical closing units 1, as in FIG. 6, the force measuring device 2 can be designed as a torque sensor on the electric drive.
    In most applications, the calculation and display device 3 will be integrated in a central machine control.
    Innsbruck, September 30, 2013
    权利要求:
    Claims (20)
    [1]
    1. A method for monitoring the tool breathing in a molding machine, wherein a closing unit of the forming machine closed and a closing force is built up, characterized in that - during an injection process, at least one closing force change is measured and from the closing force change at least one characteristic size of a tool breathing is determined
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one characteristic size of the tool breathing for the operator is displayed visually,
    [3]
    3. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a spring stiffness, which at least approximately describes a deformation of the closing unit under closing force and injection pressure, is used in the determination of the characteristic size of the tool breathing,
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that at least two closing force values and at least two shape position values are determined for determining the spring stiffness during a closing force build-up or dismantling.
    [5]
    5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the determination of the spring stiffness during a closing force build-up operation or a Schließkraftabbauvorgangs is performed.
    [6]
    6. The method according to at least one of claims 3 to ^, characterized in that for detecting the force-dependent course of the spring stiffness during a closing force build-up or a plurality of closing forces and shape positions are determined and the force-dependent curve of the spring stiffness used in the determination of the characteristic size becomes.
    [7]
    7. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a temporal course of the at least one characteristic size of the tool breathing is determined from a temporal course of the closing force change and is visually displayed to the operator.
    [8]
    8. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that is used as the at least one characteristic size of the tool breathing a maximum respiratory tract.
    [9]
    9. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in the determination of at least one characteristic size of the tool breathing a compression of hydraulic oil is taken into account.
    [10]
    10. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that for measuring the closing force change Referenzschließkraftverlauf in a reference cycle without injection process is determined that during a further cycle a closing force curve is measured with injection process and that the Schiießkraftänderung by comparing the Closing force curve and the Referenzschließkraftverlauf is determined.
    [11]
    11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that a force offset is taken into account in the comparison between the closing force curve and the Referenzschließkraftverlauf.
    [12]
    12. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that when exceeding and / or falling below a tolerance value by the at least one characteristic size for the Wetkatteatmung in the same cycle and / or in a subsequent cycle an alarm is issued to an operator and / or a closing force is increased or decreased and / or an injection pressure is reduced.
    [13]
    13. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that when exceeding a tolerance value by the at least one characteristic variable for the tool breathing an injection process is stopped and / or a holding pressure phase is initiated.
    [14]
    14. A method for optimizing a closing force setpoint for the operation of a shaping machine, characterized in that an upper limit for the at least one characteristic size of the tool breathing is specified, that at least one injection molding a method according to at least one of claims 1 to 13 is performed and that when the upper limit value is exceeded, the closing force command value is increased by the at least one characteristic variable of the tool respiration.
    [15]
    15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that a respiratory setpoint is specified and that falls below the respiratory setpoint by the at least one characteristic size of the tool breathing the closing force setpoint is reduced.
    [16]
    16. A method for optimizing a closing force setpoint for the operation of a forming machine, characterized in that - a plurality of shaping cycles are performed, wherein the closing force setpoint, starting from a value at which the characteristic size of the tool breathing is not dependent on the closing force setpoint is reduced, and a method according to according to one of claims 1 to 13, - a transition value of the closing force value is identified to a region in which the characteristic quantity of the tool breathing has a function of the closing force setpoint, and - the optimized closing force setpoint value is determined as a function of the transition value of the closing force.
    [17]
    17. A method for optimizing a closing force setpoint for the operation of a shaping machine, characterized in that - a lower limit for a change of at least one characteristic size of the tool breathing with the closing force in response to a spring stiffness, which at least approximately describes a deformation of the closing unit under closing force and injection pressure is predetermined - a plurality of shaping cycles are performed, wherein the closing force setpoint is reduced from a value at which the characteristic amount of the tool breathing does not depend on the closing force setpoint and a method according to any one of claims 1 to 13 is performed and the optimized closing force setpoint in Dependence of the value of the closing force command value, in which the lower limit value is exceeded by the change of at least one tool breathing, is determined.
    [18]
    18. Closing unit (1) of a shaping machine with a force measuring device (2) for measuring at least one of a closing unit (1) during an injection process occurring closing force change and a calculation and display device (3) which is connected to the force gauge (2), characterized in that the calculation and display device (3) is designed such that at least one characteristic variable of a tool respiration can be determined by it from the change in closing force during the injection process.
    [19]
    19, closing unit according to claim 18, characterized in that the at least one characteristic size of the tool breathing for the operator is visually displayed
    [20]
    20. Closing unit according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that a spring stiffness, which at least approximately describes a deformation of the closing unit under closing force and injection pressure, in the determination of the characteristic size of the tool breathing is used. Innsbruck, September 30, 2013
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA758/2013A|AT514856B1|2013-09-30|2013-09-30|Method for monitoring tool breathing|ATA758/2013A| AT514856B1|2013-09-30|2013-09-30|Method for monitoring tool breathing|
    DE102014014232.9A| DE102014014232B4|2013-09-30|2014-09-26|Procedure for monitoring mold breathing|
    CN201410763642.7A| CN104552850B|2013-09-30|2014-09-29|The method breathed for supervision molding|
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